The CNC milling machines are used for machining by means of the rotating movement of the milling cutter, a tool with several lips that allows effective chip removal. For this cut to be as precise as possible and to guarantee a perfect finish, all the parts of the CNC milling machine must be of high quality and function correctly.
Below, we are going to explain the parts of a CNC milling machine like the ones we manufacture at Perez Camps milling machines and what their function is. If you are also interested in knowing how to properly maintain all the parts of a milling machine, click here.
The structure of a CNC milling machine is made of electro-welded and stabilised steel in order to adequately absorb the resulting stresses and avoid vibrations.
The chassis, once welded, is machined with high-capacity CNC machines, which guarantees good precision in the parallelism and perpendicularity of the machined areas, which in turn helps to achieve high precision in the assembly of the two guides for the bridge support.
The bridge is machined in a single operation to ensure assembly and precision at all times and is part of the milling machine. Two independent motors with auto squaring function are located on the bridge.
The bridge can be higher for jobs or applications that require it, as for example in one of our customers who is a fallero (he builds the figures that are burnt during the Fallas in Valencia). To work the material and give it shape, he needed a bridge height of 700 mm and at Pérez Camps we adapted to this need.
In TEC-CAM Motion CNC milling machine are installed OMRON servo motors and servo controllers, providing quality, reliability and short replacement times.
Two motors are installed in the Y-axis, one on each side of the bridge, one in the X-axis and one in the Z-axis. By placing both motors on the Y-axis, we can ensure the same power ratio over the entire span of the bridge. In this way, these parts of a CNC milling machine are consolidated.
In the bridge we have two independent motors with auto squaring function, i.e. the machine is able to recover the squaring every time it is switched on or restarted. With this implementation we achieve high speeds (in freewheeling operation), using only 40% of the torque available in the motors.
The drive unit consists of: planetary gearboxes, helical pinion racks on the X and Y axes and a ball screw on the Z axis.
Direct transmission of engine power to the rack. It is worth mentioning that it eliminates the blacklash effect by adopting helical gears. Rack and pinion systems are used on the X and Y axes. The advantage is that there is no backlash between the pinion and the rack, in addition to facilitating faster and quieter movement.
The correct distribution of the weight on the guides guarantees more stability and speed of the system.
On the other hand, the gearboxes make the pinion turn one revolution for every 10 turns of the motor, which multiplies the resolution (number of pulses at which the motor advances) by 10, which means that the power of the motor is multiplied.
The TEC-CAM series integrates a 7,5 Kw (24.000 RPM) air-cooled HSD chuck, capable of performing cutting and engraving operations on most materials used in carpentry, signage, plastics production, die-cutting, prototyping, furniture, etc.
The control board manages the movement in and out of the machine. It is the brain of the milling machine.
It allows us to control the functions of the CNC milling machine precisely, as well as being able to move freely around the machine to control/modify parameters.
With the pneumatic keys located on the front of the machine, we can select the vacuum zones we wish to work with, depending on the size of the machine (6/8).
In addition, the table has a layout of ventilation holes. These holes are designed to perform a variety of functions: vacuum holes, individual vacuum ports, workpiece reference stops, pneumatic fixtures, etc.
Side channel turbines work like vacuum pumps. The turbine is simply a fan with small blades rotating inside a stator. Centrifugal force and rotation create small air vortices that are driven by the suction blades to the discharge.
We implemented a vacuum turbine because they are able to maintain negative pressure even when there are vacuum losses.
It is divided into:
Electrical panel mounted in a metal cabinet with ventilation system, fully protected control and power circuits. The electrical cabinet contains the control and protection equipment, as well as all the energy transformation devices necessary for the operation of the machine.
The machine's electrical panel is designed to meet the strictest electrical safety requirements in accordance with CE standards. At Pérez Camps, the panel is made up of elements of well-known brands (contactors, inverters, power supplies, etc.).
Frequency converter, precision sensor, adaptable perimeter safety sensor, surface sensor, servo controller... all these components are also from well-known European brands.
Set of solenoid valves that control the part of the machine requiring compressed air.
The linear ATC (Automatic Tool Changer) is faster than manual tool change, thus reducing production times. It also allows complete programming of jobs, without the need for operator intervention for tool changeover.
The sensor helps us to calibrate the tool and the material in order to be able to work. It reduces the operator's working time and the machine set-up process.
The chip collector, with in-head suction, helps to keep the work area clean while the milling machine is processing the material.
